Adaptive accurate tracking control of HFVs in the presence of dead-zone and hysteresis input nonlinearities

A novel accurate tracking controller is developed for the longitudinal dynamics of Hypersonic Flight Vehicles (HFVs) in the presence of large model uncertainties, external disturbances and actuator nonlinearities. Distinct from the state-of-the-art, besides being continuity, no restrictive conditions have been imposed on the HFVs dynamics. The system uncertainties are skillfully handled by being seen as bounded “disturbance terms”. In addition, by means of back-stepping adaptive technique, the accurate tracking (i.e. tracking errors converge to zero as time approaches infinity) rather than bounded tracking (i.e. tracking errors converge to residual sets) has been achieved. What’s more, the accurate tracking problems for HFVs subject to actuator dead-zone and hysteresis are discussed, respectively. Then, all signals of closed-loop system are verified to be Semi-Global Uniformly Ultimate Boundness (SGUUB). Finally, the efficacy and superiority of the developed control strategy are confirmed by simulation results.     

A swept fin-induced flow field with different height mounting gaps

In order to apply the air fin successfully and ensure the maneuverability of hypersonic vehicle, a key problem to be studied urgently is the heat flux brought by the fin mounting gap. The appearance of mounting gap and fin shaft can induce many complex flow structures which need more attentions to be investigated. Under Ma 6, Nano-tracer-based Planar Laser Scattering (NPLS) and Temperature Sensitive Paints (TSP) were applied to visualize and measure transient flow structures and heat flux distribution of a swept fin-induced flow field with different height mounting gaps. Complementarily, Reynolds-averaged N-S equations were solved with k-ω SST turbulent model. The heat flux distribution results of numerical simulation and TSP observed the change of high heat flux region with different mounting gap, both in position and magnitude. The streamlines based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and flow visualization results obtained by NPLS revealed the cause of high heat flux region. The high heat flux region in this flow field is mainly related to the reattachment of vortex and flow stagnation. The increase of gap height can lead to stronger gap overflow and shaft-induced horseshoe vortex, which are source of the high heat flux around the fin. The case with the highest mounting gap (4 mm) en-counters the most severe aerodynamic heating, both on the surface of fin and plate. Thus, under the premise of ensuring the flexibility of the fin, the gap should be set as small as possible.     

Disturbance observer-based backstepping control for hypersonic flight vehicles without use of measured flight path angle

In this paper a nonlinear control method is proposed for the tracking control of hypersonic flight vehicles. The designed control laws do not utilize the measured flight path angle due to its inferior accuracy in practical engineering. For this, an estimated flight path angle is designed via the measurements of the altitude and velocity. A tracking differentiator is designed for constructing nonlinear disturbance observer which is used to estimate the model uncertainties including the parameter indeterminacies and external disturbances in the channels of velocity and pitch rate. A robust high-order differentiator is introduced to avoid the employment of the measured flight path angle and estimate the lumped disturbance in dynamics of flight path angle. Meanwhile, the possible saturation of the control inputs is considered and compensated by the auxiliary states. The boundness of closed-loop signals is proved through the Lyapunov theory. Comparative simulations are carried out and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

高超声速条件下星光传输模拟方法与仿真

以高超声速飞行器为研究对象,建立了高速流场下的星光传输模拟仿真方法,定性、定量地研究平台气动光学效应对星光导航的影响。采用基于k-ω/SST两方程湍流模型的雷诺平均法计算星敏感器安装在飞行器不同位置处（头部、中部和尾部）的外流场密度分布,进而得到流场的空间折射率分布。在此基础上,利用几何光学法计算星光由高速层流流场引起的光程差、点扩散函数、像偏移等光学传输效应,得出经过层流流场的星光降晰图。同时运用统计光学理论计算高速湍流流场引起的星光出瞳面的波像差、密度均方差、相位均方差、Strehl比等光学传输效应,得出经过湍流流场的星光降晰图。仿真结果与理论分析吻合,从而为研究星光在高超声速流场中传输的机理提供了可靠的技术手段。     

高超声速滑翔飞行器轨迹优化与制导综述

针对多约束条件下高超声速滑翔飞行器轨迹优化与制导问题,从离线和在线两个方面综述了高超声速滑翔飞行器轨迹优化与制导方法,并进行了展望。首先建立了带随机干扰的高超声速滑翔飞行器轨迹优化与制导问题模型。针对是否考虑随机干扰,从确定性和鲁棒性两方面对离线轨迹优化与制导进行了综述。在线轨迹优化与制导方面主要对在线轨迹生成加轨迹跟踪的标准轨迹制导和预测制导两方面进行了综述。最后,提出轨迹优化与制导技术应加强在模型、计算效率、多任务、高精度制导等几个方面的研究。     

输出重定义的高超声速飞行器鲁棒自适应控制律设计

针对一个吸气式高超声速飞行器模型,研究了其鲁棒自适应控制方法并进行了稳定性分析。针对高超声速飞行器的非最小相位特征,通过输出重定义的方法使非最小相位系统的不稳定零动态变为渐近稳定。采用反馈线性化方法设计控制器,实现对速度信号和航迹角信号的稳定跟踪,同时采用切换控制方法消除系统不确定性带来的影响,提高系统的鲁棒性。稳定性分析结果证明系统具有公共李雅普诺夫函数,且所有状态量均能收敛到原点附近的一个小邻域内。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制系统能够有效跟踪参考轨迹,且在给定的有界连续不规则变化模型不确定性和外界干扰范围内也具有良好的跟踪性能。     

弹性高超声速飞行器建模及精细姿态控制

为保证超燃冲压发动机的良好进气,需要对高超声速飞行器进行精细姿态控制,但弹性振动问题极大影响其精细姿态控制精度。以高超声速飞行器的纵向通道为例,分析弹性振动问题对飞行控制系统的影响,建立面向控制的弹性高超声速飞行器数学模型,考虑气动参数和模态参数的大范围摄动,采用主动控制策略,基于鲁棒H∞理论和LQR理论设计精细姿态控制系统。大量仿真表明：在考虑测量噪声、舵机非线性、参数大范围摄动的情况下,控制系统能够很好地跟踪刚体攻角,抑制弹性攻角,并保证进气口当地攻角±0.4度的控制精度,满足高超声速飞行器精细姿态控制的要求。     

一种临近空间高超声速飞行器翼舵干扰研究

在临近空间区域内飞行的高超声速飞行器对舵面操纵特性提出了严苛的要求,在高空高速条件下主翼对舵效有严重影响。通过风洞试验对带全动舵升力体的高超声速升阻特性进行了研究,发现由于主翼的遮挡效应,负舵偏比同舵偏值的正舵偏对升力体升阻特性影响更明显。数值模拟结果显示在舵偏角从-20°～20°变化过程中,由于主翼与舵面之间气流干扰造成舵面上下压差变化复杂,-12°～2°舵偏产生抬头铰链力矩,其余正负舵偏均产生低头铰链力矩,主翼后缘上表面的分离线随攻角增加逐渐前移,迎风面高压气流通过翼舵之间缝隙向上发展,使得舵上表面再附线后移,翼舵之间均有明显的横向流动。     

二元高超声速进气道激波振荡特性实验

通过在进气道/隔离段模型出口附近设置固定的堵塞楔块提高反压,并采用高速纹影拍摄同步壁面压强测量的手段,在马赫数5.9的激波风洞中研究了二元高超声速进气道在不同堵塞度下的流动特征。研究结果表明,在较低的堵塞度下,进气道仍然能够保持起动状态,而在较高的堵塞度下,进气道出现激波振荡。上游产生的压缩波/激波在节流段的反射是出现激波振荡的重要原因之一。随着堵塞度的增加,激波振荡的频率有所升高。     

特征模型分散式自适应姿态控制在高超声速飞行器中的应用

 针对高超声速飞行器在再入过程中强耦合、大扰动和气动参数大范围变化的问题,基于特征建模的思想,把原非线性动力学方程用一个二阶时变差分方程组形式的特征模型描述,建立了攻角通道独立、 偏航/滚转通道耦合的特征模型,并设计了分散式自适应姿态控制器,给出了稳定性分析和数值仿真。由于基于特征模型设计的控制器组成的闭环系统是一个非常复杂的混合系统,稳定性分析在特征建模理论中一直是一个难点,提出的稳定性分析方法完全解决了此类不含内动态相对阶为二的多输入多输出系统的稳定性问题。